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Documents authored by Oliveira, Nuno

Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.SLATE.2021.14
Using Machine Learning for Vulnerability Detection and Classification

Authors: Tiago Baptista, Nuno Oliveira, and Pedro Rangel Henriques

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 94, 10th Symposium on Languages, Applications and Technologies (SLATE 2021)

Abstract
The work described in this paper aims at developing a machine learning based tool for automatic identification of vulnerabilities on programs (source, high level code), that uses an abstract syntax tree representation. It is based on FastScan, using code2seq approach. Fastscan is a recently developed system aimed capable of detecting vulnerabilities in source code using machine learning techniques. Nevertheless, FastScan is not able of identifying the vulnerability type. In the presented work the main goal is to go further and develop a method to identify specific types of vulnerabilities. As will be shown, the goal will be achieved by optimizing the model’s hyperparameters, changing the method of preprocessing the input data and developing an architecture that brings together multiple models to predict different specific vulnerabilities. The preliminary results obtained from the training stage, are very promising. The best f1 metric obtained is 93% resulting in a precision of 90% and accuracy of 85%, according to the performed tests and regarding a trained model to predict vulnerabilities of the injection type.
Cite as

Tiago Baptista, Nuno Oliveira, and Pedro Rangel Henriques. Using Machine Learning for Vulnerability Detection and Classification. In 10th Symposium on Languages, Applications and Technologies (SLATE 2021). Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 94, pp. 14:1-14:14, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)

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@InProceedings{baptista_et_al:OASIcs.SLATE.2021.14,
  author =	{Baptista, Tiago and Oliveira, Nuno and Henriques, Pedro Rangel},
  title =	{{Using Machine Learning for Vulnerability Detection and Classification}},
  booktitle =	{10th Symposium on Languages, Applications and Technologies (SLATE 2021)},
  pages =	{14:1--14:14},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-202-0},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{94},
  editor =	{Queir\'{o}s, Ricardo and Pinto, M\'{a}rio and Sim\~{o}es, Alberto and Portela, Filipe and Pereira, Maria Jo\~{a}o},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.SLATE.2021.14},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-144315},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.SLATE.2021.14},
  annote =	{Keywords: Vulnerability Detection, Source Code Analysis, Machine Learning}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.SLATE.2014.61
ReCooPLa: a DSL for Coordination-based Reconfiguration of Software Architectures

Authors: Flávio Rodrigues, Nuno Oliveira, and Luís S. Barbosa

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 38, 3rd Symposium on Languages, Applications and Technologies (2014)

Abstract
In production environments where change is the rule rather than the exception, adaptation of software plays an important role. Such adaptations presuppose dynamic reconfiguration of the system architecture, however, it is in the static setting (design-phase) that such reconfigurations must be designed and analysed, to preclude erroneous evolutions. Modern software systems, which are built from the coordinated composition of loosely-coupled software components, are naturally adaptable; and coordination specification is, usually, the main reference point to inserting changes in these systems. In this paper, a domain-specific language—-referred to as ReCooPLa--is proposed to design reconfigurations that change the coordination structures, so that they are analysed before being applied in run time. Moreover, a reconfiguration engine is introduced, that takes conveniently translated ReCooPLa specifications and applies them to coordination structures.
Cite as

Flávio Rodrigues, Nuno Oliveira, and Luís S. Barbosa. ReCooPLa: a DSL for Coordination-based Reconfiguration of Software Architectures. In 3rd Symposium on Languages, Applications and Technologies. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 38, pp. 61-76, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2014)

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@InProceedings{rodrigues_et_al:OASIcs.SLATE.2014.61,
  author =	{Rodrigues, Fl\'{a}vio and Oliveira, Nuno and Barbosa, Lu{\'\i}s S.},
  title =	{{ReCooPLa: a DSL for Coordination-based Reconfiguration of Software Architectures}},
  booktitle =	{3rd Symposium on Languages, Applications and Technologies},
  pages =	{61--76},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-68-2},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2014},
  volume =	{38},
  editor =	{Pereira, Maria Jo\~{a}o Varanda and Leal, Jos\'{e} Paulo and Sim\~{o}es, Alberto},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.SLATE.2014.61},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-45593},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.SLATE.2014.61},
  annote =	{Keywords: domain-specific languages, architectural reconfiguration, coordination}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.SLATE.2014.101
Unfuzzying Fuzzy Parsing

Authors: Pedro Carvalho, Nuno Oliveira, and Pedro Rangel Henriques

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 38, 3rd Symposium on Languages, Applications and Technologies (2014)

Abstract
Traditional parsing has always been a focus of discussion among the computer science community. Numerous techniques and algorithms have been proposed along these years, but they require that input texts are correct according to a specific grammar. However, in some cases it's necessary to cope with incorrect or unpredicted inputs that raise ambiguities, making traditional parsing unsuitable. These situations led to the emergence of robust parsing theories, where fuzzy parsing gains relevance. Robust parsing comes with a price by losing precision and decaying performance, as multiple parses of the input may be necessary while looking for an optimal one. In this short paper we briefly describe the main robust parsing techniques and end up proposing a different solution to deal with fuzziness of input texts. It is based on automata where states represent contexts and edges represent potential matches (of constructs of interest) inside those contexts. It is expected that such an approach reduces recognition time and ambiguity as contexts reduce the search space by defining a smaller domain for constructs of interest. Such benefits may be a great addition to the robust parsing area with application on program comprehension, among other research fields.
Cite as

Pedro Carvalho, Nuno Oliveira, and Pedro Rangel Henriques. Unfuzzying Fuzzy Parsing. In 3rd Symposium on Languages, Applications and Technologies. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 38, pp. 101-108, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2014)

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@InProceedings{carvalho_et_al:OASIcs.SLATE.2014.101,
  author =	{Carvalho, Pedro and Oliveira, Nuno and Henriques, Pedro Rangel},
  title =	{{Unfuzzying Fuzzy Parsing}},
  booktitle =	{3rd Symposium on Languages, Applications and Technologies},
  pages =	{101--108},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-68-2},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2014},
  volume =	{38},
  editor =	{Pereira, Maria Jo\~{a}o Varanda and Leal, Jos\'{e} Paulo and Sim\~{o}es, Alberto},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.SLATE.2014.101},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-45637},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.SLATE.2014.101},
  annote =	{Keywords: robust parsing, fuzzy parsing, automata}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.SLATE.2013.155
Choosing Grammars to Support Language Processing Courses

Authors: Maria João Varanda Pereira, Nuno Oliveira, Daniela da Cruz, and Pedro Rangel Henriques

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 29, 2nd Symposium on Languages, Applications and Technologies (2013)

Abstract
Teaching Language Processing courses is a hard task. The level of abstraction inherent to some of the basic concepts in the area and the technical skills required to implement efficient processors are responsible for the number of students that do not learn the subject and do not succeed to finish the course. In this paper we intend to list the main concepts involved in Language Processing subject, and identify the skills required to learn them. In this context, it is feasible to identify the difficulties that lead students to fail. This enables us to suggest some pragmatic ways to overcome those troubles. We will focus on the grammars suitable to motivate students and help them to learn easily the basic concepts. After identifying the characteristics of such grammars, some examples are presented to make concrete and clear our proposal. The contribution of this paper is the systematic way we approach the process of teaching Language Processing courses towards a successful learning activity.
Cite as

Maria João Varanda Pereira, Nuno Oliveira, Daniela da Cruz, and Pedro Rangel Henriques. Choosing Grammars to Support Language Processing Courses. In 2nd Symposium on Languages, Applications and Technologies. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 29, pp. 155-168, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2013)

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@InProceedings{pereira_et_al:OASIcs.SLATE.2013.155,
  author =	{Pereira, Maria Jo\~{a}o Varanda and Oliveira, Nuno and Cruz, Daniela da and Henriques, Pedro Rangel},
  title =	{{Choosing Grammars to Support Language Processing Courses}},
  booktitle =	{2nd Symposium on Languages, Applications and Technologies},
  pages =	{155--168},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-52-1},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2013},
  volume =	{29},
  editor =	{Leal, Jos\'{e} Paulo and Rocha, Ricardo and Sim\~{o}es, Alberto},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.SLATE.2013.155},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-40369},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.SLATE.2013.155},
  annote =	{Keywords: Teaching Language Processing, Domain Specific Languages, Grammars}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.SLATE.2012.91
Problem Domain Oriented Approach for Program Comprehension

Authors: Maria João Varanda Pereira, Mario Marcelo Beron, Daniela da Cruz, Nuno Oliveira, and Pedro Rangel Henriques

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 21, 1st Symposium on Languages, Applications and Technologies (2012)

Abstract
This paper is concerned with an ontology driven approach for Program Comprehension that starts picking up concepts from the problem domain ontology, analyzing source code and, after locating problem concepts in the code, goes up and links them to the programming language ontology. Different location techniques are used to search for concepts embedded in comments, in the code (identifier names and execution traces), and in string-literals associated with I/O statements. The expected result is a mapping between problem domain concepts and code slices. This mapping can be visualized using graph-based approaches like, for instance, navigation facilities through a System Dependency Graph. The paper also describes a PCTool suite, Quixote, that implements the approach proposed.
Cite as

Maria João Varanda Pereira, Mario Marcelo Beron, Daniela da Cruz, Nuno Oliveira, and Pedro Rangel Henriques. Problem Domain Oriented Approach for Program Comprehension. In 1st Symposium on Languages, Applications and Technologies. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 21, pp. 91-105, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2012)

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@InProceedings{varandapereira_et_al:OASIcs.SLATE.2012.91,
  author =	{Varanda Pereira, Maria Jo\~{a}o and Beron, Mario Marcelo and da Cruz, Daniela and Oliveira, Nuno and Henriques, Pedro Rangel},
  title =	{{Problem Domain Oriented Approach for Program Comprehension}},
  booktitle =	{1st Symposium on Languages, Applications and Technologies},
  pages =	{91--105},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-40-8},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2012},
  volume =	{21},
  editor =	{Sim\~{o}es, Alberto and Queir\'{o}s, Ricardo and da Cruz, Daniela},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.SLATE.2012.91},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-35161},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.SLATE.2012.91},
  annote =	{Keywords: Program Comprehension, Ontology-based SW development, Problem and Program domain mapping, Code Analysis. Software Visualization}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/OASIcs.SLATE.2012.175
Learning Spaces for Knowledge Generation

Authors: Nuno Oliveira, Maria João Varanda Pereira, Alda Lopes Gancarski, and Pedro Rangel Henriques

Published in: OASIcs, Volume 21, 1st Symposium on Languages, Applications and Technologies (2012)

Abstract
As the Internet is becoming the main point for information access, Libraries, Museums and similar Institutions are preserving their collections as digital object repositories. In that way, the important information associated with digital objects may be delivered as Internet content over portals equipped with modern interfaces and navigation features. This enables the virtualization of real information exhibition spaces rising new learning paradigms. Geny is a project aiming at defining domain-specific languages and developing tools to generate web-based learning spaces from existent digital object repositories and associated semantic. The motto for Geny is "Generating learning spaces to generate knowledge". Our objective within this project is to use (i) ontologies - one to give semantics to the digital object repository and another to describe the information to exhibit - and (ii) special languages to define the exhibition space, to enable the automatic construction of the learning space supported by a web browser. This paper presents the proposal of the Geny project along with a review of the state of the art concerning learning spaces and their virtualization. Geny is, currently, under appreciation by Fundação para a Ciêencia e a Tecnologia (FCT), the main Portuguese scientific funding institution.
Cite as

Nuno Oliveira, Maria João Varanda Pereira, Alda Lopes Gancarski, and Pedro Rangel Henriques. Learning Spaces for Knowledge Generation. In 1st Symposium on Languages, Applications and Technologies. Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs), Volume 21, pp. 175-184, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2012)

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@InProceedings{oliveira_et_al:OASIcs.SLATE.2012.175,
  author =	{Oliveira, Nuno and Varanda Pereira, Maria Jo\~{a}o and Gancarski, Alda Lopes and Henriques, Pedro Rangel},
  title =	{{Learning Spaces for Knowledge Generation}},
  booktitle =	{1st Symposium on Languages, Applications and Technologies},
  pages =	{175--184},
  series =	{Open Access Series in Informatics (OASIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-939897-40-8},
  ISSN =	{2190-6807},
  year =	{2012},
  volume =	{21},
  editor =	{Sim\~{o}es, Alberto and Queir\'{o}s, Ricardo and da Cruz, Daniela},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/OASIcs.SLATE.2012.175},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-35228},
  doi =		{10.4230/OASIcs.SLATE.2012.175},
  annote =	{Keywords: Learning Spaces, Knowledge Acquisition, Digital Object Repositories, Ontology-based semantic Web-pages Generation}
}
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